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Blood groups and blood typing

There are various blood typing card based on the presence/absence of inherited antigen on the surface of erythrocytes, AOB and Rh being the most popular ones.

 

The AOB system is related to the immunoglobulins anti-A and anti-B, produced during the first years of life. Presence/absence of certain glycolipids in erythrocyte membrane determines the A, B, AB, and O blood groups.

 

The Rhesus system is suffixed to the ABO system. Although there are about 30 different antigens in this group, the common blood tests focus only on antigen-D. Rh test shows whether an individual has (Rh positive) or does not have (Rh negative) the 'Rhesus factor', or antigen-D, expressed by a transmembrane protein.

 

ABO system:

Blood group

 A

 B

 AB

 O

Antigens in membrane

 A

 B

 A and B

 none

Antibodies in plasma

 B

 A

 none

 A and B

 

Rh system:

Blood group

 Rh+

 Rh-

D-antigen in membrane

 present

 absent

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